Polyphenolic compounds mainly mannose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and xylose present in wood ear mushrooms act as a novel alternative agent which catalyzes thrombin inhibition by antithrombin, inhibits platelet aggregation and blood clotting. Therefore Wood ear mushrooms possess preventive actions against hypercholesterolemia (11). Furthermore, Wood ear mushrooms contain polysaccharides which significantly lowered the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Polyphenolic compounds (more than 16%) found in Wood ear mushroo ms possess potent hypocholesterolemic effects by improving antioxidant status, decreasing the level of total cholesterol and atherosclerosis index, increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fecal excretion of bile acids (10). Wood ear mushrooms lower the cholesterol level Moreover, polysaccharides from wood ear mushrooms increase treatment response rate and survival rate and improved immune function without increasing the incidence of adverse effects in patients with gastrointestinal cancers (9). The presence of antitumor active component (diazane) in wood ear mushroom act as a cytotoxic agent which possesses potent antitumor activity against bronchoalveolar cancer, sarcoma, and gastric cancer cells, inhibit the proliferation of the tumor cells, induce apoptosis, and may be used as a functional additive for enhancing antioxidant activities and suppressing tumor growth in the body (8). Active component diazane in Wood ear mushrooms possess antitumor properties Moreover, this mushroom also contains polysaccharides which reduces food intake slightly lowered the plasma and urinary glucose levels (7). Therefore incorporation of Wood ear mushroom powder into the extruded snack reduced the glycemic level after ingestion (6). Wood ear mushrooms are rich in dietary fiber (71%) mainly insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) which is beneficial for lowering the glycemic index. Polysaccharides of Wood ear mushrooms help in protection against different bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus has a great potential as antimicrobial properties and it can be a supplementary food for human health (5). Antibacterial properties of Wood ear mushrooms Following are the wood ear mushroom benefits. Wood ear mushrooms have biological activities such as anti-cancer properties, antiviral properties, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholesterol, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant activity. It also contains polysaccharides, melanin, polyphenols, abundant alkaloid, thiamin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, vitamin D 2 and minerals (Ca, P, and Fe) (4). Wood ear mushrooms are medicinal mushrooms with a large number of functional nutrients such as fresh fruiting bodies contain about 90 % moisture, a high amount of carbohydrates (approximately 630 g kg−1 in dried fruit bodies), protein (18.3 g), dietary fiber (50 g) which are higher than those in tremella (commonly called white fungus). Wood ear mushroom grows on dead wood, especially coniferous and deciduous wood of Sambucus nigra in clusters form and is classified as a wood-decaying fungus (3). It can be eaten as a fresh whole fruit body or readily rehydrate from a dried state in soups, pickles, and sauces, imparting meals consumed in the form of fast food, instant food, and processing to convert them into delicious products but should be thoroughly washed before cooking (2). These mushrooms are reddish-brown with soft, gelatinous textures having bell -shaped and ear-like shapes without a distinctive smell. Wood ear mushrooms are non-toxic edible mushrooms and the fourth most important cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus spp., Pleurotus spp., and Lentinus spp.
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